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Risk Management Framework - RMF SP 800-37

Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations: A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy (nist.gov)

Prepare Essential activities to prepare the organization to manage security and privacy risks.

Implement the controls and document how controls are deployed.

Categorize the system and information processed, stored, and transmitted based on impact analysis. 

Assess to determine if the controls are in place, operating as intended, and producing the desired results. 

Select the set of NIST SP 800-53 controls to protect the system based on risk assessment(s)

Authorize: Senior official makes a risk-based decision to authorize the system (to operate).

Monitor: Continuously monitor control implementation and risks to the system. 
Table 1: RMF Steps Including Resources for Implementers and Supporting NIST Publications *Read More at Risk Management Framework (RMF) Overview - Risk Management | CSRC

Cybersecurity Framework

Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) Framework Core (nist.gov)

Identify –   Develop an organizational understanding to manage cybersecurity risk to systems, people, assets, data, and capabilities. The activities in the Identify Function are foundational for effective use of the Framework. Understanding the business context, the resources that support critical functions, and the related cybersecurity risks enables an organization to focus and prioritize its efforts, consistent with its risk management strategy and business needs. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Asset Management; Business Environment; Governance; Risk Assessment; and Risk Management Strategy.

Protect – Develop and implement appropriate safeguards to ensure delivery of critical services. The Protect Function supports the ability to limit or contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity event. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Identity Management and Access Control; Awareness and Training; Data Security; Information Protection Processes and Procedures; Maintenance; and Protective Technology.

Detect – Develop and implement appropriate activities to identify the occurrence of a cybersecurity event. The Detect Function enables the timely discovery of cybersecurity events. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Anomalies and Events; Security Continuous Monitoring; and Detection Processes. 

Respond – Develop and implement appropriate activities to take action regarding a detected cybersecurity incident. The Respond Function supports the ability to contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Response Planning; Communications; Analysis; Mitigation; and Improvements.

Recover – Develop and implement appropriate activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity incident. The Recover Function supports timely recovery to normal operations to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Recovery Planning; Improvements; and Communications. 

Read more about NIST Cybersecurity Framework CSF

Business Continuity

BCP DR Concepts - Types of BCP Plans

Details
Written by: Robin Basham
Parent Category: Services
Category: Business Continuity

Article Index

Page 3 of 4
Types of BCP Plans

Plan

Purpose

Scope

Plan Relationship

Business Continuity Plan

Provides procedures for sustaining mission/business operations while recovering from a significant disruption

Addresses mission / business processes at a lower or expanded level from COOP MEFs

Mission/business process focused plan that may be activated in coordination with a COOP plan to sustain non-MEFs.

Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan  

Provides procedures and guidance to sustain an organization’s MEFs at an alternate site for up to 30 days; mandated by federal directives.

Addresses MEFs at a facility; information systems are addressed based only on their support of the mission essential functions.

MEF focused plan that may also activate several business unit-level BCPs, ISCPs, or DRPs, as appropriate.  

Crisis Communications Plan

Provides procedures for disseminating internal and external communications; means to provide critical status information and control rumors.

Addresses communications with personnel and the public; not information system- focused.

Incident-based plan often activated with a COOP or BCP, but may be used alone during a public exposure event.

Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Plan

Provides policies and procedures for protection of national critical infrastructure components, as defined in the National Infrastructure Protection Plan. 

Addresses critical infrastructure components that are supported or operated by an agency or organization.

Risk management plan that supports COOP plans for organizations with critical infrastructure and key resource assets.  

Cyber Incident Response Plan

Provides procedures for mitigating and correcting a cyberattack, such as a virus, worm, or Trojan horse.

Addresses mitigation and isolation of affected systems, cleanup, and minimizing loss of information.  

Information system- focused plan that may activate an ISCP or DRP, depending on the extent of the attack.  

Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)

Provides procedures for relocating information systems operations to an alternate location.

Activated after major system disruptions with long-term effects.

Information system- focused plan that activates one or more ISCPs for recovery of individual systems.

Information System Contingency Plan (ISCP)

Provides procedures and capabilities for recovering an information system.

Addresses single information system recovery at the current or, if appropriate alternate location.

Information system- focused plan that may be activated independent from other plans or as part of a larger recovery effort coordinated with a DRP, COOP, and/or BCP. 

Occupant Emergency Plan (OEP)

Provides coordinated procedures for minimizing loss of life or injury and protecting property damage in response to a physical threat. 

Focuses on personnel and property particular to the specific facility; not mission/business process or information system based. 

The incident-based plan that is initiated immediately after an event, preceding a COOP or DRP activation.
 
Additional Notes:
Identification of Downtime
Response v. Recovery
BIA Business Impact Analysis – Recovery Point Objective
Business impact analysis has to consider cost-effectiveness
Business functional priorities
Timeframe for recovery
Resource requirements
Look at the impact to an asset-based on a vulnerability to a threat
Vulnerability assessment is to build an appropriate recovery strategy for that environment
Maximum tolerable downtime MTD is the point of no return
MTD is used to define resource requirements in CIP
MTD and RTO - Time is Critical
MTD – Maximum Tolerable Downtime is how long the business will tolerate disruption of mission-critical functions
RTO – Recovery Time Objective is how long a system/process can be down before the mission is impacted
Types of testing
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FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements

FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements - Visit FIPS 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Info and Info Systems | CSRC (nist.gov)
  • Access Control (AC)
  • Awareness and Training (AT)
  • Audit and Accountability (AU)
  • Certification, Accreditation, and Security Assessments (CA)
  • Configuration Management (CM)
  • Contingency Planning (CP)
  • Identification and Authentication (IA)
  • Incident Response (IR)

Read FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements
  • Maintenance (MA)
  • Media Protection (MP)
  • Physical and Environmental Protection (PE)
  • Planning (PL)
  • Personnel Security (PS)
  • Risk Assessment (RA)
  • System and Services Acquisition (SA)
  • System and Communications Protection (SC)
  • System and Information Integrity (SI)

NIST Reading

Whether you're preparing for Cybersecurity certification, working with government standards, or simply starting your career in compliance, these are the NIST Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), Special Publication (SP), and Interagency Report (IR) topics you need to know. (The Perils of Mount Must Read™ Confessions of a Cliff Note Junky) These resources go onto the "Mountain of Must Read". If you don't recognize the standard reference, you've missed critical understanding. As of 2022, this is the minimum NIST alphabet. All of these documents are found at https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/ Be very careful about static content. Look at links before you launch them. Never use alternate sites for the Computer Security Resource Center. Get the full list here <NIST Reading Extended>

FIPS Publication 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules [FIPS 140-2]
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 199]
FIPS Publication 200 Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 200]
FIPS Publication 201-1 Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors [FIPS 201-1]		 NISTIR 8212 ISCMA: An Information Security Continuous Monitoring Program Assessment
NIST SP 800-18 Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-18]
NIST SP 800-30 Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems [NIST SP 800-30]
NIST SP 800-34 Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-34]

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