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Risk Management Framework - RMF SP 800-37

Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations: A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy (nist.gov)

Prepare Essential activities to prepare the organization to manage security and privacy risks.

Implement the controls and document how controls are deployed.

Categorize the system and information processed, stored, and transmitted based on impact analysis. 

Assess to determine if the controls are in place, operating as intended, and producing the desired results. 

Select the set of NIST SP 800-53 controls to protect the system based on risk assessment(s)

Authorize: Senior official makes a risk-based decision to authorize the system (to operate).

Monitor: Continuously monitor control implementation and risks to the system. 
Table 1: RMF Steps Including Resources for Implementers and Supporting NIST Publications *Read More at Risk Management Framework (RMF) Overview - Risk Management | CSRC

Cybersecurity Framework

Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) Framework Core (nist.gov)

Identify –   Develop an organizational understanding to manage cybersecurity risk to systems, people, assets, data, and capabilities. The activities in the Identify Function are foundational for effective use of the Framework. Understanding the business context, the resources that support critical functions, and the related cybersecurity risks enables an organization to focus and prioritize its efforts, consistent with its risk management strategy and business needs. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Asset Management; Business Environment; Governance; Risk Assessment; and Risk Management Strategy.

Protect – Develop and implement appropriate safeguards to ensure delivery of critical services. The Protect Function supports the ability to limit or contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity event. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Identity Management and Access Control; Awareness and Training; Data Security; Information Protection Processes and Procedures; Maintenance; and Protective Technology.

Detect – Develop and implement appropriate activities to identify the occurrence of a cybersecurity event. The Detect Function enables the timely discovery of cybersecurity events. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Anomalies and Events; Security Continuous Monitoring; and Detection Processes. 

Respond – Develop and implement appropriate activities to take action regarding a detected cybersecurity incident. The Respond Function supports the ability to contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Response Planning; Communications; Analysis; Mitigation; and Improvements.

Recover – Develop and implement appropriate activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity incident. The Recover Function supports timely recovery to normal operations to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Recovery Planning; Improvements; and Communications. 

Read more about NIST Cybersecurity Framework CSF

Facilitated Compliance Management (TM)

4Point GRC™ - FCM - Our History and Foundation - The Architecture

Details
Written by: Robin Basham
Parent Category: Services
Category: Facilitated Compliance Management

Article Index

Page 1 of 6

EnterpriseGRC Solutions Core Competencies include Strategy, ROI, Architecture, and Process - Providing Compliance Mapping as a Service 

Our current offerings focus on NIST Compliance. We've come a long way since the days of CobiT, but that doesn't make the ISACA framework any less important. This article is here in service of history and will be updated during 2022.

GRC Universe

Security Governance and Compliance

Compliance is a universe of constraints enforcing business and technology practice aligned to the minimally acceptable product, service and financial benchmarks, consumer and citizen safety, and continuous availability of critical resource as mandated by US and World Governments. Considerations for HIPAA, the USA Patriot Act, Graham, FISMA/ e-Government, OMB Circulars (various, such as A119 and A130), Executive Directives, DCIDs can't be limited to government, federal and financial programs. Businesses work in tandem, weaving regulatory issues via e-commerce, outsourcing and third-party services, such that any law has implications for across multiple industries and business classifications. Laws like the Clinger-Cohen Act, the Paper Reduction Act, Basel I and II European Union privacy laws and Safe Harbor Principles California Security Breach Notice Law, as well as emerging bills with similar guidelines SEC rule 17-a4, NARA regulations for federal records management, SEC CFR 17 Rule no. 16900 affecting Clearing Corporations, the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace and many associated Public Laws and Government guidelines (especially those affecting Security programs and implementation of appropriate standards such as various FIPS), are all a part of our audit universe. The EnterpriseGRC Solutions toolbox is a list of applications and industry tools, with special attention to the better companies and materials, as found most successfully implemented among our clients.

Strategy and Techniques - Approach to Mapping Service, IT Regulation and Frameworks

A clear win for any IT Service organization can be found in providing mapped CobiT and ISO 27001 programs.  Aligning service delivery to regulatory driven compliance models enables immediately sustained client value.

The simplest possible view of controls mapping might include

  • Business Process - Service
  • Business Control Requirement - Regulation
  • Control Process – Control Framework Identifier
  • System Enablers – Technology policy
  • People Enablers – Business Policy
  • Standard and Frequency of Measure – Compliance Metrics
  • Compliance Reporting – Representation of Compliance
  • Providing Compliance Mapping as a Service
  • The common understanding of the goals for providing compliance services should include the following intentions:
  • To avoid breaches of any criminal or civil law, statutory, regulatory or contractual obligations and of any security requirements
  • To ensure compliance of systems with organizational security policies and standards
  • To maximize the effectiveness of and to minimize interference to/from the system audit process.[i]

Using a GRC within your IT governance by providing a framework to ensure that:

  • IT is aligned with the business
  • IT enables the business and maximizes benefits
  • IT resources are used responsibly
  • IT risks are managed appropriately [ii]

When considering the drivers that allow for use of IT consulting, risk of non-compliance with ISO 27001 makes a lot of sense.

  • Related risks of non-compliance with ISO 27001 include:
  • Risk of information disclosure, including related risks such as loss of confidence and trust
  • Incomplete risk assessment and, thus, an inadequate level of risk management
  • Inadequate business continuity management
  • Lack of security awareness within the organization
  • Inadequate security requirements when interacting with third-party organizations
  • Inadequate level of physical and logical security
  • Flawed procedures due to the lack of incident management
  • Inadequate security controls coverage in outsourcing/contractual arrangements
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FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements

FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements - Visit FIPS 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Info and Info Systems | CSRC (nist.gov)
  • Access Control (AC)
  • Awareness and Training (AT)
  • Audit and Accountability (AU)
  • Certification, Accreditation, and Security Assessments (CA)
  • Configuration Management (CM)
  • Contingency Planning (CP)
  • Identification and Authentication (IA)
  • Incident Response (IR)

Read FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements
  • Maintenance (MA)
  • Media Protection (MP)
  • Physical and Environmental Protection (PE)
  • Planning (PL)
  • Personnel Security (PS)
  • Risk Assessment (RA)
  • System and Services Acquisition (SA)
  • System and Communications Protection (SC)
  • System and Information Integrity (SI)

NIST Reading

Whether you're preparing for Cybersecurity certification, working with government standards, or simply starting your career in compliance, these are the NIST Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), Special Publication (SP), and Interagency Report (IR) topics you need to know. (The Perils of Mount Must Read™ Confessions of a Cliff Note Junky) These resources go onto the "Mountain of Must Read". If you don't recognize the standard reference, you've missed critical understanding. As of 2022, this is the minimum NIST alphabet. All of these documents are found at https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/ Be very careful about static content. Look at links before you launch them. Never use alternate sites for the Computer Security Resource Center. Get the full list here <NIST Reading Extended>

FIPS Publication 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules [FIPS 140-2]
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 199]
FIPS Publication 200 Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 200]
FIPS Publication 201-1 Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors [FIPS 201-1]		 NISTIR 8212 ISCMA: An Information Security Continuous Monitoring Program Assessment
NIST SP 800-18 Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-18]
NIST SP 800-30 Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems [NIST SP 800-30]
NIST SP 800-34 Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-34]

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